A Brief introduction to Genetics

Mendel's Law

• Mendel's first law: The law of segregation

The members of a pair of homologous chromosomes segregate during meiosis and are distributed to different gametes.

• Mendel's second law: The law of independent assortment

Each member of a pair of homologous chromosomes segregates during meiosis independently of the members of other pairs, so that alleles carried on different chromosomes are distributed randomly to the gametes.

• Mendel's third law: The law of dominance

One of the factors for a pair of inherited traits will be dominant and the other recessive, unless both factors are recessive.

• Equivalence to Biological Words:

purine or pyrimidine base (A,C,G,T,U) ⇋ letter

 nucleotide base or amino acid ⇋ alphabet

peptide (motif) ⇋ word

gene ⇋ sentence

gene family ⇋ chapter

genome ⇋ book

Sequence motifs are short, recurring patterns in DNA that are presumed to have a biological function.

Reference:

• https://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/primer/basics/dna
• https://slideplayer.com/slide/8588549/   (Motif discovery and protein databases)
• https://www.nature.com/articles/nbt0406-423